Category Archives: Gastroenterology

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome[ZES]: Cause, Symptoms and Treatment

Zollinger Ellison Syndrome or ZE Syndrome is a disease caused by increased production of Gastrin. The syndrome is termed as state of  Hypergastrinemia due to cancer of Gastrin producing cells.Gastrin is normally secreted by G cells present in stomach on response to distention of stomach, Vagal stimulation or decreased acid production [Negative feedback loop]. Somatostain […]

Regulation & Release Of Stomach Acid

To understand the regulation and release of stomach acid, we need to know some important type of cells present in stomach and duodenum [First part of small intestine], just after stomach.Stomach Parietal Cells : Releases Stomach Acid [HCL] Chief Cells: Releases Pepsinogen EnteroChromaffin Like Cells : Releases Histamine G Cells : Releases Gastrin Duodenum: S […]

Peptic Ulcer Disease: Causes & Etiology

Causes of Peptic Ulcer Disease Smoking Alcohol  Steroids Are generally considered as causes of peptic ulcer disease, but contrary to this belief they do not cause peptic ulcer disease directly. These agents are known to cause gastritis and thus delaying the healing of peptic ulcer. The direct conditions or factors that are associated with the […]

Peptic Ulcer Disease : Signs & Symptoms

What is Peptic Ulcer Disease? Peptic Ulcer Disease [PUD] is a misnomer. In early 20th century it was believed that the ulcer of stomach and duodenum [First part of small intestine, just after stomach] was caused by gastric enzyme Pepsin and thus it was started to be called as peptic ulcer disease. Basically, peptic ulcer […]

Barrett’s Esophagus Diagnosis & Treatment

Barrett’s Esophagus is a condition where epithelium of lower esophagus changes from the normal Squamous to Columnar epithelium due to long standing Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease or GERD. The Changes are histological or at cellular level.  Causes of Barrett’s Esophagus Cause of Barrett’s esophagus is GERD, therefore patients usually complaint of epigastric pain radiating below the […]